Papers with generation capabilities
DIVKNOWQA: Assessing the Reasoning Ability of LLMs via Open-Domain Question Answering over Knowledge Base and Text (2024.findings-naacl)
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| Challenge: | Retrievalaugmented LLMs have been used to ground LLM in external knowledge . a gap exists in the current landscape regarding the effectiveness of grounding LLM on heterogeneous knowledge sources. |
| Approach: | They propose a model that uses symbolic language to generate symbolic queries . they use a dataset that is generated using predefined reasoning chains and human annotation . |
| Outcome: | The proposed model outperforms previous approaches by a significant margin in QA tasks over text. |
EmpathyEar: An Open-source Avatar Multimodal Empathetic Chatbot (2024.acl-demos)
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| Challenge: | EmpathyEar is an open-source, avatar-based multimodal empathetic chatbot . currently, ERG systems rely on text, sound, and vision . |
| Approach: | They propose an open-source, avatar-based multimodal empathetic chatbot to fill the gap in traditional text-only ERG systems. |
| Outcome: | The proposed system enables users to generate emotional responses to user queries . it can also generate avatars with talking faces and synchronized speeches . |
Decoder-Only LLMs can be Masked Auto-Encoders (2025.acl-short)
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Dan Qiao, Yuan Gao, Zheming Yang, Di Yang, Ziheng Wu, Pengcheng Lu, Minghui Qiu, Juntao Li, Min Zhang
| Challenge: | Modern NLP workflows require different models for generation and embedding tasks. |
| Approach: | They propose a method that transforms an LLM into a Uni-Directional Masked Auto-Encoder. |
| Outcome: | The proposed method achieves state-of-the-art under unsupervised conditions with merely 100 training steps. |
From Graph to Text and Back: Semantic Fidelity in Automated Industrial Knowledge Graphs (2026.acl-industry)
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| Challenge: | Large Language Models (LLMs) often hallucinate entities or omit relations, posing unacceptable liability. |
| Approach: | They propose a self-supervised round-trip pipeline to enforce strict semantic fidelity in KG-to-text generation. |
| Outcome: | The proposed approach improves triple-extraction accuracy and verbalization faithfulness without manual annotation or massive teacher models. |
KAD: A Framework for Proxy-based Test-time Alignment with Knapsack Approximation Deferral (2026.eacl-long)
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| Challenge: | Existing studies have shown that large language models require further alignment to adhere to downstream task requirements and stylistic preferences. |
| Approach: | They propose a proxy-based test-time alignment method to circumvent alignment costs by reducing the token-specific deferral rule to 0-1 knapsack problem. |
| Outcome: | The proposed method improves both task performance and speculative decoding speed. |
Enhancing the General Agent Capabilities of Low-Paramter LLMs through Tuning and Multi-Branch Reasoning (2024.findings-naacl)
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| Challenge: | Open-source pre-trained Large Language Models exhibit strong language understanding and generation capabilities, making them highly successful in a variety of tasks. |
| Approach: | They propose a method to construct agent-specific data using GPT-4 and supervised fine-tuning . they find that supervised tunning can significantly reduce hallucination outputs and formatting errors in agent tasks . |
| Outcome: | The proposed method improves on five agent tasks of AgentBench. |
Learn to Refuse: Making Large Language Models More Controllable and Reliable through Knowledge Scope Limitation and Refusal Mechanism (2024.emnlp-main)
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| Challenge: | Recent advances in large language models have demonstrated impressive language understanding and generation capabilities, enabling them to answer a wide range of questions across various domains. |
| Approach: | They propose a refusal mechanism that instructs LLMs to refuse to answer challenging questions in order to avoid errors. |
| Outcome: | The proposed approach improves the controllability and reliability of large language models and their ability to answer questions across domains. |
SDGO: Self-Discrimination-Guided Optimization for Consistent Safety in Large Language Models (2025.emnlp-main)
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| Challenge: | Large Language Models (LLMs) excel at various tasks but are vulnerable to jailbreak attacks that induce harmful content generation. |
| Approach: | They propose a reinforcement learning framework that leverages the model’s own discrimination capabilities as a reward signal to enhance generation safety through iterative self-improvement. |
| Outcome: | The proposed framework improves model safety by iterative self-improvement without additional annotated data or external models during training phase. |
How Credible Is an Answer From Retrieval-Augmented LLMs? Investigation and Evaluation With Multi-Hop QA (2025.coling-main)
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| Challenge: | Retrieval-augmented large language models (RaLLMs) are reshaping knowledge acquisition, offering long-form, knowledge-grounded answers through advanced reasoning and generation capabilities. |
| Approach: | They propose a benchmarking system to evaluate RaLLMs' correctness and Groundedness to determine their reliability in multi-hop question-answering tasks. |
| Outcome: | The proposed model-based evaluation pipeline for multi-hop question-answering tasks reveals that the model generates inaccuracies when dealing with flawed or partial knowledge. |
AlignX: Advancing Multilingual Large Language Models with Multilingual Representation Alignment (2025.emnlp-main)
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| Challenge: | Multilingual large language models (LLMs) possess impressive multilingual understanding and generation capabilities, but performance and cross-lingual alignment often lag for non-dominant languages. |
| Approach: | They propose a representation-level framework to enhance multilingual performance of pre-trained LLMs by integrating multilingual semantic alignment and language feature integration. |
| Outcome: | The proposed framework improves multilingual capability of pre-trained LLMs by bringing representations closer and improving cross-lingual alignment. |
DRAG: Distilling RAG for SLMs from LLMs to Transfer Knowledge and Mitigate Hallucination via Evidence and Graph-based Distillation (2025.acl-long)
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Jennifer Chen, Aidar Myrzakhan, Yaxin Luo, Hassaan Muhammad Khan, Sondos Mahmoud Bsharat, Zhiqiang Shen
| Challenge: | Large-scale RAG systems consume significant computational resources and are prone to generating “hallucinated” content from Humans. |
| Approach: | They propose a framework for distilling RAG knowledge from large-scale language models into small LMs. |
| Outcome: | The proposed method outperforms the prior competitive RAG methods like MiniRAG for SLMs by up to 27.7% using the same models, preserving high-level efficiency and reliability. |
RepEval: Effective Text Evaluation with LLM Representation (2024.emnlp-main)
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Shuqian Sheng, Yi Xu, Tianhang Zhang, Zanwei Shen, Luoyi Fu, Jiaxin Ding, Lei Zhou, Xiaoying Gan, Xinbing Wang, Chenghu Zhou
| Challenge: | Traditional metrics for automatic text evaluation are tailored to specific tasks, while LLM-based evaluation metrics are costly. |
| Approach: | They propose a metric that leverages projections of LLM representations for evaluation. |
| Outcome: | The proposed metric exhibits higher correlation with human judgments than previous methods on 14 datasets. |
Benchmarking Large Language Model Capabilities for Conditional Generation (2023.acl-long)
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| Challenge: | Autoregressive and pre-trained large language models have shifted the field from application-specific to generation-based approaches. |
| Approach: | They propose to adapt existing application-specific generation benchmarks to pre-trained large language models to better suit different tasks. |
| Outcome: | The proposed models differ in their applicability to different data regimes and their generalization to multiple languages. |
Using Structured Content Plans for Fine-grained Syntactic Control in Pretrained Language Model Generation (2022.coling-1)
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| Challenge: | Large pretrained language models can generate powerful text but cannot be controlled at a sub-sentential level. |
| Approach: | They propose to make such fine-grained control possible in pretrained LMs by generating text directly from a semantic representation, Abstract Meaning Representation (BART), which is augmented at the node level with syntactic control tags. |
| Outcome: | The proposed method can generate text from a semantic representation, which is augmented at the node level with syntactic control tags. |
PEK: A Parameter-Efficient Framework for Knowledge-Grounded Dialogue Generation (2024.findings-acl)
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| Challenge: | Pre-trained language models have shown great dialogue generation capability in different scenarios, but the huge VRAM consumption when fine-tuning them is one of their drawbacks. |
| Approach: | They propose a parameter-efficient framework for knowledge-enhanced dialogue generation that leverages external knowledge documents and knowledge graphs to enhance its generation capabilities. |
| Outcome: | The proposed framework outperforms baseline methods on multiple evaluation metrics on Wizard of Wikipedia and CMU_DoG datasets. |
ACUEval: Fine-grained Hallucination Evaluation and Correction for Abstractive Summarization (2024.findings-acl)
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| Challenge: | Recent-proposed evaluation metrics for large language models have a preference-bias . however, such metrics often lack interpretability and only offer a single score . |
| Approach: | They propose a metric that leverages the power of large language models to perform two sub-tasks: decomposing summaries into atomic content units and validating them against the source document. |
| Outcome: | The proposed metric improves faithfulness scores on three summarization evaluation benchmarks by 3% compared to the next-best metric. |
CoGen: Learning from Feedback with Coupled Comprehension and Generation (2024.emnlp-main)
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| Challenge: | Existing studies on coupling comprehension and generation in computational systems show that the ability to finish incomplete partner utterances in dialogue is closely related to comprehension and vice versa. |
| Approach: | They propose techniques to tightly integrate comprehension and generation capabilities with focus on continually learning from interaction with users. |
| Outcome: | The proposed models improve performance by 26% and 17% over time, while the non-coupled system is more human-like. |
Cue-CoT: Chain-of-thought Prompting for Responding to In-depth Dialogue Questions with LLMs (2023.findings-emnlp)
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| Challenge: | Existing LLMs generate responses based on the dialogue context, overlooking the underlying linguistic cues about the user status exhibited in the context. |
| Approach: | They propose a linguistic cue-based chain-of-thoughts method which enhances the LLMs inference with an intermediate reasoning step to find cues exhibited in the dialogue. |
| Outcome: | The proposed method outperforms standard prompting methods on in-depth dialogue questions and linguistic cues exhibited in the context. |
LLM-based Translation Inference with Iterative Bilingual Understanding (2025.findings-acl)
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| Challenge: | Existing studies show that the ability of large language models to generate contextual understanding of the sentence can degrade translation quality. |
| Approach: | They propose a method that generates contextual understanding for both source and target languages separately. |
| Outcome: | The proposed method outperforms strong comparison methods in multiple domains. |
Golden Touchstone: A Comprehensive Bilingual Benchmark for Evaluating Financial Large Language Models (2025.findings-emnlp)
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Xiaojun Wu, Junxi Liu, Huan-Yi Su, Zhouchi Lin, Yiyan Qi, Chengjin Xu, Jiajun Su, Jiajie Zhong, Fuwei Wang, Saizhuo Wang, Fengrui Hua, Jia Li, Jian Guo
| Challenge: | Existing financial benchmarks suffer from limited language and task coverage, low-quality datasets, and inadequate adaptability for LLM evaluation. |
| Approach: | They propose a bilingual benchmark for financial LLMs that assesses models’ language understanding and generation capabilities. |
| Outcome: | The proposed bilingual benchmark assesses models’ language understanding and generation capabilities. |
Towards Robust Universal Information Extraction: Dataset, Evaluation, and Solution (2025.acl-long)
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| Challenge: | Existing robust benchmark datasets generate only a limited range of perturbations for a single Information Extraction (UIE) task, which fails to evaluate the robustness of UIE models effectively. |
| Approach: | They propose a new benchmark dataset that utilizes Large Language Models to generate more diverse and realistic perturbations across different IE tasks. |
| Outcome: | The proposed model performs better with only 15% of the data and is more robust with other models. |